Detection value of clinical coagulation indexes in type 2 diabetic foot patients and the correlation analysis with pathological changes / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of coagulation index levels in patients with type 2 diabetic foot and their correlation with pathological changes, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis of diabetic foot.Methods:133 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hangzhou from Jun. 2018 to Jun. 2020 were selected. The patients were divided into type 2 diabetes group ( n=65) and diabetes foot group ( n=68) according to whether they had diabetes feet. In addition, 60 patients who had health examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were compared in each group, and Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between each index and the occurrence of diabetes foot. Area under curve (AUC) of working characteristics of subjects (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of each index in diabetes foot. Results:The average FIB of control group, type 2 diabetes group and diabetes foot group was (2.86±0.50) g/L, (3.30±0.81) g/L, (4.43±1.16) g/L; The FIB level in diabetes foot group was significantly higher than that in type 2 diabetes group and control group, and that in type 2 diabetes group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05) ; The mean TT of control group, type 2 diabetes group and diabetes foot group was (17.60±2.01) s, (15.39±2.39) s, (13.49±2.84) s; The average APTT of control group, type 2 diabetes group and diabetes foot group was (32.02±4.22) s, (29.97±3.97) s, (25.69±4.07) s; The mean PT values of control group, type 2 diabetes group and diabetes foot group were (12.64±1.49) s, (11.41±1.04) s and (10.50±1.08) s. The TT, APTT and PT values in the diabetes foot group were significantly lower than those in the type 2 diabetes group and the control group, and those in the type 2 diabetes group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05) ; The level of FIB index was positively correlated with the occurrence of diabetes foot, while TT, APTT and PT indexes were negatively correlated with the occurrence of diabetes foot ( P<0.05). The AUC values of FIB, TT, APTT and PT indexes for the diagnosis of diabetes foot were 0.898, 0.879, 0.859 and 0.871, respectively. Conclusions:There are significant differences in FIB, TT, APTT and PT index levels between diabetic foot patients and type 2 diabetic patients and healthy people, and the occurrence of diabetic foot is significantly related to blood coagulation indicators. The detection of blood coagulation indicators has certain clinical significance for the diagnosis of diabetic foot.

A new flavonoid glycoside from Epimedium sagittatum / 药学学报

Fourteen flavonoids were isolated and purified from Epimedium sagittatum by various chromatography techniques such as macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HW-40C and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as 3′-hydroxy-baohuoside-Ⅱ (1), huazhongilexone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), baohuoside-Ⅱ (4), icariside-Ⅱ (5), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), (+)-aromadendrin (7), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), sagittatoside A (9), 2″-O-rhamnosyl icariside-II (10), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11), quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranoyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), kaempferol (13), icariin (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, while compounds 2, 6-8, 11, and 12 were isolated from E.sagittatum for the first time.

Protective effect of breviscapine against brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation in preterm rats and its mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the protective effect of breviscapine against brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation in preterm rats and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A preterm rat model of brain injury caused by intrauterine inflammation was prepared by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats and preterm rats were respectively randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, low-dose breviscapine (45 mg/kg), high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg), and high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg)+ML385 [a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor, 30 mg/kg] (n=10 each). The number and body weight of the live offspring rats were measured for each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the uterus and placenta of pregnant rats and the pathological morphology of the brain tissue of offspring rats. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the co-expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cerebral cortex of offspring rats. ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain tissue of offspring rats. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Nrf2 pathway-related proteins in the brain tissue of offspring rats.@*RESULTS@#Pathological injury was found in the uterus, and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, and severe microglia pyroptosis occurred in the cerebral cortex of the offspring rats in the model group. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant reductions in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), but significant increases in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the breviscapine administration groups showed alleviated pathological injury of the uterus and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, significant increases in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). The high-dose breviscapine group had a significantly better effect than the low-dose breviscapine (P<0.05). ML385 significantly inhibited the intervention effect of high-dose breviscapine (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Breviscapine can inhibit inflammatory response in brain tissue of preterm rats caused by intrauterine inflammation by activating the Nrf2 pathway, and it can also inhibit microglial pyroptosis and alleviate brain injury.

Short-term efficacy of modified laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision for ultralow rectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the short-term efficacy of modified laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision (L-ELAPE) for ultralow rectal cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 60 patients with ultralow rectal cancer who underwent L-ELAPE in the Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Air Force Medical University from January 2014 to July 2018 were collected. There were 32 males and 28 females, aged (58±12)years, with a range from 38 to 75 years. Of the 60 patients, 30 patients undergoing modified L-ELAPE were allocated into modified group and 30 patients undergoing traditional L-ELAPE were allocated into control group. For patients in the modified group, the abdominal procedure is the same as the traditional L-ELAPE. The improvements were as follows: (1) when tumor was located in the anterior rectal wall, the patient was plased into the jackknife position before starting the perineal procedure. (2) In order to prevent the small intestine from falling into the presacral space after surgery, the pelvic floor peritoneum was closed under laparoscopy and the biological patch was placed if necessary. For patients in the control group, the whole procedure was performed in the lithotomy position and the biological patch was sutured at the levator ani muscle. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examinations and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examination at 3 months after surgery to assess the small intestine falling into the presacral space up to January 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability. Results:(1) Surgical situations: patients in the two groups completed surgeries successfully, without tranversion to laparostomy or death within 1 month after operation. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node harvested, quality score of the whole group specimens, quality score of anterior wall tumor specimens were (359±105)minutes, (192±99)mL, 17±6, 4.1±0.8, 4.7±0.5 for the modified group, respectively, versus (268±37)minutes, (136±61)mL, 15±5, 3.5±0.7, 3.9±0.7 for the control group, respectively. There were significant differences in the operation time, the quality score of the whole group specimens and the quality score of anterior wall tumor specimens between the two groups ( t=2.613, 2.130, 2.871, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss or the number of lymph node harvested between the two groups ( t=1.521, 0.864, P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: the time to first liquid food intake, time to urinary catheter removal, the level of C-reactive protein at the first postoperative day, duration of postoperative hospital stay and cases with perineal complications were (3.3±1.1)days, (8.7±4.8)days, (85±27)mg/L, (8.5±4.5)days and 4 for the modified group, respectively, versus (2.7±1.4)days, (7.7±2.8)days, (79±25)mg/L, (7.7±2.2)days and 5 for the control group. There was no significant difference in the time to first liquid food intake, time to urinary catheter removal, the level of C-reactive protein at the first postoperative day, duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( t=1.311, 1.520, 0.521, 0.509, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the perineal complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). All patients with perineal complications were cured after drainage, wound management, nutritional support and extention of hospital stay. (3) Follow-up: all patients were followed up after surgery. The modified group and the control group had 2 cases and 19 cases of small intestine falling into the presacral space showed by the pelvic CT examination at the postoperative 3 months, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=21.172, P<0.05). Conclusions:Modified L-ELAPE is safe and feasible for the ultralow rectal cancer, which can provide a better exposure and specimen quality for the tumor located at anterior rectal wall and reduce the incidence of small intestine falling into the presacral space. However, it has longer operation time.

Spirometric Reference Equations for Elderly Chinese in Jinan Aged 60-84 Years / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>The interpretation of spirometry varies on different reference values. Older people are usually underrepresented in published predictive values. This study aimed at developing spirometric reference equations for elderly Chinese in Jinan aged 60-84 years and to compare them to previous equations.</p><p><b>Methods</b>The project covered all of Jinan city, and the recruitment period lasted 9 months from January 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017, 434 healthy people aged 60-84 years who had never smoked (226 females and 208 males) were recruited to undergo spirometry. Vital capacity (VC), forced VC (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), FEV/FVC, FEV/VC, FEV, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 25-75% of FVC exhaled (FEF, FEF, FEF, and FEF) were analyzed. Reference equations for mean and the lower limit of normal (LLN) were derived using the lambda-mu-sigma method. Comparisons between new and previous equations were performed by paired t-test.</p><p><b>Results</b>New reference equations were developed from the sample. The LLN of FEV/FVC, FEFcomputed using the 2012-Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) and 2006-Hong Kong equations were both lower than the new equations. The biggest degree of difference for FEV/FVC was 19% (70.46% vs. 59.29%, t = 33.954, P < 0.01) and for maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF, equals to FEF) was 22% (0.82 vs. 0.67, t = 21.303, P < 0.01). The 1990-North China and 2009-North China equations predicted higher mean values of FEV/FVC and FEFthan the present model. The biggest degrees of difference were -4% (78.31% vs. 81.27%, t = -85.359, P < 0.01) and -60% (2.11 vs. 4.68, t = -170.287, P < 0.01), respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The newly developed spirometric reference equations are applicable to elderly Chinese in Jinan. The 2012-GLI and 2006-Hong Kong equations may lead to missed diagnoses of obstructive ventilatory defects and the small airway dysfunction, while traditional linear equations for all ages may lead to overdiagnosis.</p>

Longitudinal Intrinsic Brain Activity Changes in Cirrhotic Patients before and One Month after Liver Transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spontaneous brain activity alterations in liver transplantation (LT) recipients using resting-state functional MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cirrhotic patients as transplant candidates and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. All patients repeated the MRI study one month after LT. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were compared between cirrhotic patients (both pre- and post-LT) and HCs as well as between the pre- and post-LT groups. The relationship between ALFF changes and venous blood ammonia levels and neuropsychological tests were investigated using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: In the cirrhotic patients, decreased ALFF in the vision-related regions (left lingual gyrus and calcarine), sensorimotor-related regions (left postcentral gyrus and middle cingulate cortex), and the default-mode network (bilateral precuneus and left inferior parietal lobule) were restored, and the increased ALFF in the temporal and frontal lobe improved in the early period after LT. The ALFF decreases persisted in the right supplementary motor area, inferior parietal lobule, and calcarine. The ALFF changes in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with changes in number connection test-A scores (r = 0.507, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LT improved spontaneous brain activity and the results for associated cognition tests. However, decreased ALFF in some areas persisted, and new-onset abnormal ALFF were possible, indicating that complete cognitive function recovery may need more time.

multicenter point-prevalence survey of antibiotic use in 13 Chinese hospitals

The use of antibiotics is considered a major determinant of the development of resistance in organisms. This study assessed current patterns of antibiotic prescription and provides background for quality improvement in general hospitals in Hubei, China. A point-prevalence study was performed in November 2008. All inpatients on the day of the survey were included in the analysis. On the day of the study, 6904 patients [56%] were receiving antibiotic therapy; the highest rate occurred in the ICU [90%], and the lowest occurred in the medical wards [39%]. The most commonly used antibiotics were beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins [40%] and piperacillin [19%], followed by fluoroquinolones [14%]. Our data indicated a high rate of antibiotic use in Chinese hospitals. These findings suggest important areas for intervention and the implementation of antibiotic stewardship policies in Chinese hospitals. A multi-faceted strategy should be implemented at the national level in China and should include education, regulation, and greater financial support from the government

Comparison of cranial-to-caudal medial versus traditional medial approach in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a case-control study / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short-term efficacy of modified medial (M-M) with traditional medial(T-M) approach in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(LRHC)/or extended laparoscopic right hemicolectomy(ELRHC) for right or hepatic flexure colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A comparative, retrospective study was performed that included all the patients scheduled for LRHC or ELRHC for right or hepatic flexure colon cancer between June 2013 and August 2014. The following factors of two groups were assessed: patient characteristics, operative details, pathology, and surgical outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 99 patients were evaluated, including 52 patients in the M-M group and 47 patients in the T-M group. Age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology(ASA) class, tumor location, diameter of tumor were not significantly different between the two groups. As compared to the T-M group, M-M group was associated with a significantly shorter operative time [(105.6±38.8) min vs. (138.2±39.5) min, P<0.05], less estimated mean blood loss[(38.4±12.4) ml vs. (87.2±24.6) ml, P<0.05] and lower intraoperative vascular damage rate [5.8%(3/52) vs. 25.5%(12/47), P<0.05]. There were no significant differences between these two groups in terms of intraoperative complications, CME, conversion rate, number of harvested lymph node, postoperative ileus, hospital stay, wound, lung and urinary system infections.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of M-M approach in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy provides short-term benefits in operative time and estimated blood loss compared with traditional medial approach.</p>

Application of β-shaped intracorporeal Roux-en-y reconstruction in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of β-shaped Roux-en-Y reconstruction(β reconstruction) in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 21 patients with gastric cancer undergoing TLDG with β reconstruction from January 2014 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TLDG with β reconstruction was successfully performed in all the patients. The mean time of operation and β reconstruction was (229.0±18.7) min and (27.5±4.2) min. The blood loss was (91.0±38.3) ml and number of dissected lymph node was 33.2±4.6 per patient. The length of upper and lower segment of resection from lesion was (5.9±0.4) cm and (3.2±0.8) cm. The average time to resume fluid diet, time to restore flatus and hospital stay were (2.1±0.8) d, (3.1±0.9) d and (5.9±2.4) d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The β reconstruction is a safe and feasible procedure for TLDG and provides satisfactory short-term efficacy.</p>

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogen of Clinical Isolates in Hebei Province in 2 0 1 2 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance and pathogen in hebei antibacterial resistance investigation net in 2012.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was detected by Kirby-Bauer method or broth dilution test.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2010 breakpoints.WHONET 5.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 10 504 clinical isolates were collected in 2012,of which gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci accounted for 76.2%, 23.8%,respectively.The most common pathogen in gram-negative rod was E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa, A.baumanii and E.cloacae respectively.The most common pathogen in gram-positive cocci was S.aureus,E.facium,E-.faecalis,S.pneumoniae and S.epidermidis.ESBL rate of E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 66.5 and 46.7%.The resistant rate of E.coli,K.pneumoniae,E.cloacae to imipenem was 0.1%,0.5%,8.9% and to meropenem was 0.1%,0.6%,4.2%, respectively.P.aeruginosa was resistant to imipenem and meropenem were 38.9% and 32.3%.A.baumanii was resistant to imipenem and meropenem were 5 6.5% and 5 9.7%.Methicillin-resistant strains accounted for an average of 5 7.5% in S.aureus and 87.3% in coagulase negative staphylococcus.Staphylococcus was still susceptible to minocycline and chloram-phenicol.No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin,linezolid.But a few coagulase negative staphylococcal strains were resistant to teicoplanin.Conclusion Surveillance of antimicrobial agents played an important role in controlling hospital infection.

Application study of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with delta-shaped anastomosis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short-term efficacy between totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG) with delta-shaped anastomosis (DS) and laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with BrillrothI ( anastomosis (BI(), and to evaluate the application of DS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2013 and February 2014, 50 patients underwent TLDG with DS using linear staplers, and 43 patients underwent LADG with BI( using circular staplers. Clinical features and short-term efficacy of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic indicators, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of removal lymph node, time to first flatus, incidence of complication and postoperative discharge day(all P>0.05). First-day postoperative pain was milder (3.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.6 ± 1.4), and operative incision was shorter [(3.4 ± 0.4) cm vs. (6.9 ± 0.8) cm] significantly in TLDG with DS group(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLDG with DS is safe and feasible for patients with gastric cancer, and has more advantages in cosmetic and comfort level than LADG with BI.</p>

Annual point-prevalence of healthcare-associated infection surveys in a university hospital in China, 2007-2011

Successive point-prevalence surveys were conducted annually from 2007 to 2011 to monitor the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections [HAIs] in a university hospital in Hubei Province in China. The surveys used the case definition criteria established by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. In the 5 surveys, the overall frequency of HAIs was 3.16% [301/9533]. No significant differences were identified in the point prevalence measurements of HAIs in any of the years from 2007 to 2011. Of all the cases, proportionally, the most frequent infection site was the respiratory tract [2.34%], followed by surgical sites [0.43%] and urinary tract sites [0.28%]. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli were the most common organisms mentioned; the most frequently isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Escherichia coliand Acinetobacter baumannii. Approximately one-half of the patients were receiving antibiotics at the time of the surveys. Cephalosporin, penicillin, and quinolone were most commonly used for treatment or prevention. The differences found in HAI prevalence data across the 5 surveys given in the hospital were not statistically significant. In conclusion, this successive point-prevalence survey provides information about the trend of HAI prevalence, epidemical character, and the use of antibiotics among the university hospital's in-patients. This information allows us to initiate targeted programs for infection prevention and control

Study on KIR gene polymorphisms in 416 renal transplantation recipients from southern Zhejiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene (KIR) in renal transplant recipients from southern Zhejiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KIR genotypes were analyzed by PCR-SSP in 416 renal transplant recipients, and the genotype frequencies were compared with populations from Eastern China and worldwide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 16 known KIR genes were detected in the renal transplant recipients, and KIR2DL4, 3DL2-3, 3PD1 were found in all. As a pseudogene, 2DP1 has a high genotype frequency (99%). The frequencies of KIR2DL1, 2DL3, 3DL1, 2DS4 have ranged from 92.1% to 98.8%. Compared with 11 groups in Eastern China and other countries, the KIR2DL2 phenotype frequency was higher (34.6%) than those of Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu populations (P<0.05). Among 41 genotypes, three have not been reported previously. The most common genotype was AA1, with a frequency of 43.51%, which was significantly lower than those of Jiangsu and Northern Zhejiang.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Renal transplant recipients from southern Zhejiang share similar features with Eastern China Han population with regard to KIR polymorphisms, but also have unique frequencies for KIR genotypes.</p>

Effects of environmental hypothermia on hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in a conscious swine model of hemorrhagic shock / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in trauma patients; however, hemorrhagic shock (HS) model with anesthetized swine was different from that of clinical reality. To identify the effects of environmental hypothermia on HS, we investigated hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in an unanesthetized swine model of HS under simulating hypothermia environment.METHODS: Totally 16 Bama pigs were randomly divided into ambient temperature group (group A) and low temperature group (group B), 8 pigs in each group. Venous blood (30 mL/kg) was continuously withdrawn for more than 15 minutes in conscious swine to establish a hemorrhagic shock model. Pulmonary arterial temperature (Tp), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin (Hb), saturation of mixed venous blood (SvO2) and blood gas analysis were recorded at the baseline and different hemorrhagic shock time (HST). The whole body oxygen delivery indices, DO2I and VO2I, and the O2 extraction ratio (O2ER) were calculated.RESULTS: Core body temperature in group A decreased slightly after the hemorrhagic shock model was established, and environmental hypothermia decreased in core body temperature. The mortality rate was significantly higher in group B (50％) than in group A (0％). DO2I and VO2I decreased significantly after hemorrhage. No difference was found in hemodynamics, DO2I and VO2I between group A and group B, but the difference in pH, lactic acid and O2ER was significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Environmental hypothermia aggravated the disorder of oxygen metabolism after hemorrhagic shock, which was associated with poor prognosis.

Investigation of occupational health status of female workers in pharmaceutical industry of Shandong and Gansu provinces / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate occupational health status of female workers in pharmaceutical industries and to propose the protective measures for the occupational health.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 2816 female workers from 19 pharmaceutical industries in Shandong and Gansu provinces were investigated by a questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>73.1% of female workers exposed to occupational hazards, mainly to toxic chemicals. 63.2% of them suffered from dysmenorrhea; 38.5% of them have reproductive system diseases, i.e. mammary gland hyperplasia (44.1%), cervical erosion (26.5%), uterine annex inflammation (24.2%); 17.1% of them suffered from accidental work injuries; 34.7% of them complained about low back pain, and 29.7% of them perceived hearing loss. 94.9% of female workers hoped to get the occupational health and labor protection knowledge and skills.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strengthening the supervision of labor protection for female workers, including technical measures occupational hazards control and health-related knowledge, and improving the occupational health status of female workers should be conducted.</p>

High-density lipoprotein associated factors apoA-I and serum amyloid A in Chinese non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong, independent inverse predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this cross-sectional study we investigated the interrelationships between HDL-C and HDL related factors apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the presence and extent of CHD in a population of Chinese patients with CHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients took part in this study. Demographic data were obtained from hospital records. Serum chemical concentrations were measured by standard laboratory methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (median: 1.85 mg/L) and SAA (median: 9.40 mg/L) were significantly higher in the CHD group (P < 0.05), while concentrations of HDL-C ((1.03 +/- 0.25) mmol/L) and apoA-I ((604.59 +/- 105.79) mmol/L) were significantly lower than those in the non-CHD group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of apoA-I decreased with the increase in vascular damage, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the concentrations of hsCRP and SAA increased with the increase in vascular damage. The unadjusted odd ratios (ORs) (CI) for apoA-I and SAA of the presence of CHD were 0.093 (0.990 - 0.997) (P = 0.00) and 2.571 (1.029 - 6.424) (P < 0.05), respectively. The association between elevated SAA and the presence of CHD was lost after adjusting for lipid status parameter concentrations. The associations between apoA-I, SAA and the extent of CHD remained strong, regardless of confounding variables.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increased concentrations of SAA represent the inflammatory marker of the extent of coronary stenosis in patients with CHD. In contrast to SAA, the level of apoA-I was also associated with the presence of CHD, indicating that apoA-I was not only a marker of CHD presence but also a quantitative indicator of CHD extent. In short, determining the change apolipoprotein content within HDL particle is a more accurate and effective method to evaluate the impact of HDL on CHD.</p>

VKORC1 genotypes are associated with response to warfarin but free warfarin concentration during initial anticoagulation in healthy Chinese volunteers / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The genetic variations in VKORC1 modulate the stable responses to warfarin administration. But the role of VKORC1 polymorphisms during the initial anticoagulation and elimination period in the Han Chinese population is not clear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four healthy Chinese volunteers were grouped according to their VKORC1 genotype. Twelve subjects were in the 3 mg group and 12 in the 6 mg group. VKORC1 genotypes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and sequencing. The international normalized ratio (INR) was measured with an ACL9000 coagulation analyser. Plasma free warfarin concentration was measured with LC/MS/MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the initial anticoagulation period, the -1639AG and 1173TC carriers compared with the -1639AA and 1173TT carriers had a low INR value. The differences between genotypes with regard to INR values were more obvious in the 3 mg subjects (P < 0.05), and were not significantly different among the 6 mg subjects (P > 0.05). On the contrary, no significant difference of plasma free warfarin concentration between genotypes was observed in each dosage group. It took 96 hours for the INR value and 144 hours for the free warfarin plasma concentration to come back to baselines after the last dose. No significant difference among genotypes and dosing groups was detected in the elimination phase (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VKORC1 polymorphisms are associated with differences in the initial response to warfarin when given at fixed doses, without affecting, as expected, its plasma concentration.</p>

Analysis of phenotype and genotype in two Chinese pedigrees with hereditary protein C deficiency / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the phenotype and gene mutation in two Chinese pedigrees with hereditary protein C deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasma level of protein C activity (PC: A) , protein C antigen (PC: Ag), protein S activity (PS: A), and antithrombin activity (AT: A) of the probands and their family members were detected using chromogenic assay and ELISA, respectively. All of the nine exons and intron-exon boundaries of protein C gene were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing of the probands. Restriction enzyme site analysis was used to confirm the mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma PC: A and PC: Ag for proband 1 was 1.2% and 0, respectively. Compound heterozygous mutations, C(TGC)64W (TGG) and F(TTC) 139V(GTC) , were identified in her, the former being inherited from the maternal side and the later the paternal side. Further genetic analysis showed that her husband ( II 8) had the heterozygous deletion mutation (K150 or 151 Del) in exon 7, her daughter had the same heterozygous deletion mutation and a F139V. The plasma PC: A and PC: Ag for proband 2 was 50. 3% and 1.9 mg/L, respectively. He had the heterozygous Lys150 or Lys151 deletion mutation, which was inherited from his father. Polymorphisms of C/T at position - 1654, A/G at - 1641 , and A/T at - 1476A/T in the promoter region of protein C were confirmed in all members of the two pedigrees, of which, proband 2 had homozygous CC/GG/TT. The F139V mutation was confirmed by restriction enzyme site analysis and polymorphism for this mutation was excluded. PS: A and AT: A were in normal range for all members.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound heterozygous mutation C64W and F139V of protein C gene lead to type I hereditary protein C deficiency for proband 1. K150 or 151 deletion mutation and polymorphism of CC/GG/TT might lead to type I hereditary protein C deficiency for proband 2. C64W is a novel mutation for protein C gene. F139V and K150 or 151 deletion mutation are reported for the first time in China.</p>

Molecular mechanisms of protein C deficiency caused by C64W and F139V mutations / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the molecular mechanisms of protein C (PC) deficiency caused by PC gene mutations of C64W, F139V and K150 deletion (K150d).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wild-type and mutant PC cDNA expression plasmids (PCwt, PC C64W, PC F139V, PC K150d) were constructed and transfected into COS-7 cells or CHO cells respectively for in vitro expression study and immunofluorescent assay. Fluorescent real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of PC mRNA, protein degradation inhibition and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) digestion experiments to explain the mutant protein degradation pathway and its localizations inside the cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PC C64W was not secreted from the cells and was gradually degraded inside the cells. There was partial secretion of PC F139V, most of the protein molecule was not secreted and degraded intracellularly. Mutant PC K150d was secreted normally from the cells. Fluorescent realtime PCR analysis of total mRNA from transfected cells showed no reduction of the mutant PC mRNA expression compared with that of wild-type PC mRNA. Protein degradation inhibition experiments showed that mutants PC C64W and PC F139V were degraded intracellularly through the proteasome pathway. Endo H digestion experiments and immunofluorescence results suggested that mutant PC molecules were located mainly in pre-Golgi apparatus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Impaired secretion and degradation intracellularly of the mutants might be the molecular mechanisms of PC deficiency caused by C64W and F139V mutations. K150 deletion mutation might not affect the secretion of the mutant.</p>

Experimental study on mechanisms of lyophilized powder of fresh gekko Chinenis in inhibiting H22 hepatocarcinoma angiogenesis / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects and its mechanism of lyophilized powder of fresh Gekko Chinenis (GCLP) on H22 hepatocarcinoma growth and angiogenesis in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The transplant tumor model of H22 hepatocarcinoma in mice was established. Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups, the cisplatin group, the GCLP group and the control group, they were treated respectively with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 1 mg/g, oral administration of GCLP in a dose of 1.2 g/kg, and equal volume of saline, the medication was given for 20 times totally. The anti-tumor activity was evaluated by tumor tissue weighing, the cell apoptotic rate was detected by TUNEL method, the micro-vessel density in tumor tissue was determined by Weidner method, the protein expression of vascular endothelin growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were detected by S-P immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GCLP could obviously inhibit the hepatocarcinoma growth, induce tumor cell apoptosis, and reduce micro-vessel density in tumor tissue through down-regulating VEGF and bFGF protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GCLP can effectively inhibit the growth of H22 hepatocarcinoma and angiogenesis. Its mechanism might be related to the down-regulation of the protein expression of VEGF and bFGF.</p>